Pros and Cons of Circumcision

Got a baby boy on the way and wondering what circumcision is all about? You’re not alone. For many parents, especially first-timers, the question of whether to circumcise can prompt a lot of discussion, concern, and even conflicting advice. While circumcision used to be common in Australia, today it’s far less so, and the decision has become increasingly personal. Understanding both the potential benefits and drawbacks can help you feel more confident and informed, whichever choice you make. Pros and Cons of Circumcision.

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What Is Circumcision?

Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin, the thin layer of skin that covers the head (glans) of the penis. In newborns, it’s typically performed within the first few days after birth. The procedure may be done under local anaesthetic, or in some cases without any pain relief, although most medical practitioners today advocate for pain management.

Circumcision can also be carried out later in life during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, but the risks, healing time, and discomfort tend to increase with age. In all cases, it is considered an elective surgery, meaning it’s not medically necessary in most situations.

Why Circumcise?

Changing Trends

In the early to mid-20th century, circumcision was the norm in Australia. In fact, before the 1950s, the majority of boys were circumcised at birth. However, this trend has shifted dramatically over the last few decades, and now only around 20% of male infants in Australia undergo the procedure.

Globally, the rate of circumcision varies widely depending on cultural, religious, and medical practices. It remains common in the United States, parts of the Middle East, and among Jewish and Muslim communities, while much less so in many European and Asian countries.

Parents today consider a variety of factors when making their decision, from medical evidence to cultural expectations to aesthetics. Let’s explore both sides of the argument in more depth.

Medical Reasons for Circumcision

Circumcision has been linked to several potential health benefits, although it’s worth noting that many of these can also be addressed with proper hygiene and regular medical care.

1. Reduced Risk of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs in boys are relatively uncommon, affecting only about 1% in infancy. However, circumcised boys appear to have a lower risk, especially in the first year of life. These infections can sometimes lead to kidney damage if untreated, although this is rare.

2. Easier Genital Hygiene

Without the foreskin, it’s generally easier to clean the penis, especially in younger boys who may not consistently follow hygiene routines. This can reduce the risk of inflammation and infection.

3. Lower Risk of Foreskin-Related Issues

Some boys experience problems with their foreskin, such as:

• Phimosis (a tight foreskin that cannot be pulled back)
• Balanitis (inflammation of the glans)
• Balanoposthitis (inflammation of the foreskin and glans)

Around 4% of older boys may encounter these issues, sometimes requiring circumcision later in life.

4. Reduced Risk of Certain STIs

Circumcision has been associated with a slightly lower risk of acquiring some sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The World Health Organisation has even promoted circumcision as a preventive strategy in countries with high HIV rates. However, in countries with low HIV prevalence l,ike Australia, this benefit is less clear.

5. Lower Risk of Penile Cancer

Penile cancer is extremely rare, but circumcision appears to offer some protection. Men who are circumcised early in life have a lower chance of developing this cancer, likely due to reduced chronic inflammation and improved genital hygiene.

Non-Medical Reasons for Circumcision

In addition to medical considerations, many parents cite social, cultural, or personal reasons for circumcising their sons.

1. Cultural or Religious Beliefs

Circumcision is a longstanding tradition in Judaism and Islam, often performed for religious reasons. In these cases, the decision is typically straightforward, as it holds deep spiritual or cultural significance.

2. Concerns About Appearance or Conformity

Some parents worry their son may feel self-conscious if his penis looks different from his peers’, particularly in communities where circumcision is more common. Others simply prefer the aesthetic appearance of a circumcised penis.

3. Family History or Personal Experience

Parents who are circumcised themselves may lean toward circumcising their son, sometimes out of a desire for continuity or simplicity.

Reasons Not to Circumcise

For the majority of Australian parents today, the decision is not to circumcise. Here’s why:

1. The Foreskin Is Natural and Functional

The foreskin is not a defect, it’s a normal, protective part of the male anatomy. It helps keep the glans moist and may serve a sensory role during sexual activity. Some parents feel strongly that, unless there is a clear medical need, there is no reason to remove it.

2. The Baby Can’t Consent

One of the biggest ethical arguments against infant circumcision is that it is a non-consensual, irreversible surgery. Critics believe the decision should be left to the individual when they are old enough to make an informed choice.

3. Potential Complications

While circumcision is generally considered safe, it still carries surgical risks, especially if not performed by an experienced practitioner. Possible complications include:

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Poor cosmetic results
• Damage to the urethra or glans

These risks are low but can be distressing when they occur.

4. Impact on Sexual Sensitivity

Some studies suggest that the foreskin contains a high concentration of nerve endings, contributing to sexual pleasure. Removing it could theoretically reduce sensitivity later in life. While the evidence is mixed, this remains a concern for some parents and advocacy groups.

You may also like: 8 Easy Ways to Get Kids to Brush Right

5. Pain and Trauma

Although pain relief is used in many cases, newborns do feel pain, and circumcision can cause discomfort during and after the procedure. Critics argue that exposing a baby to unnecessary pain contradicts principles of compassionate medical care.

6. Legal and Ethical Contradictions

In Australia, female genital cutting is illegal, even if requested for cultural reasons. Some question why male circumcision remains permitted, especially when performed without a clear medical need.

What Do Medical Bodies Say?

In Australia, the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) provides guidance on circumcision. Their position is as follows:

“There is no medical indication for routine neonatal circumcision. The RACP does not recommend the procedure be routinely performed on all male infants.”

However, they also acknowledge that:

• There are some benefits, particularly in certain populations or circumstances.
• The final decision lies with the parents, and the procedure should only be performed by qualified practitioners using appropriate pain management.

Internationally, views differ:

• The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) states that the health benefits outweigh the risks, but not enough to recommend universal circumcision.
• The Canadian Paediatric Society does not recommend routine circumcision but supports parental choice.
• The World Health Organisation promotes circumcision in specific high-risk populations for HIV prevention.

Where to Get Reliable Information

Given the sensitive and sometimes emotional nature of this topic, it’s important to base your decision on reliable, evidence-based information.

Recommended Resources:

• Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP)
• Raising Children Network
• The Australian Government’s HealthDirect
• Paediatric specialists and your GP

Avoid relying solely on internet forums or anecdotal stories. While personal experiences can be informative, they should not be your only source.

If You Decide to Proceed with Circumcision

If, after weighing the pros and cons, you choose to go ahead with circumcision:

• Choose a qualified and experienced practitioner: Ideally, a paediatrician or surgeon with specific experience in circumcision.
• Ask about pain relief: Local anaesthetics and proper aftercare are essential.
• Understand the healing process: Recovery takes around 7–10 days. Swelling, redness, and mild discomfort are normal, but watch for signs of infection or excessive bleeding.
• Follow aftercare instructions carefully: Clean the area gently and apply any recommended ointments.

If You Decide Against It

If you decide not to circumcise, your son can still live a healthy, hygienic life. Teach him proper genital hygiene, including:

• Gently cleaning the penis daily with water.
• Not forcibly retracting the foreskin during infancy or early childhood, it naturally separates over time.

Final Thoughts: 

Circumcision is not a decision with a single “right” answer. It involves balancing medical evidence, cultural context, ethical considerations, and your values. What’s most important is making a decision that is **

informed, thoughtful, and based on what you believe is best for your child**.

While the conversation around circumcision may sometimes feel emotionally charged or controversial, remember that you and your partner are the ultimate decision-makers. Take your time, ask questions, and don’t be afraid to reach out to healthcare professionals for guidance.